India’s Net-Zero Target: Here’s What Should Be Prioritized?

India’s pledge of zero net emissions by 2070 marks an important step in fighting climate change and creating a more sustainable future. This target aligns with the Paris Agreement’s goal of keeping global temperature increases well under 2 degrees Celsius (ideally 1.5 degrees Celsius) relative to pre-industrial levels. According to the UN Environment Program’s Emissions Gap Report 2022, India’s per capita emissions are relatively low at 2.4 tons of CO2 equivalent, as opposed to the global average of 6.3 tons. 

Reaching these ambitious net zero targets requires strategic prioritization and concerted efforts across many sectors, which we will discuss here in this blog post. We will highlight which key areas should be prioritized to facilitate India’s move toward achieving Net-Zero Goals & Targets.

Top Priorities of India’s net-zero target

Accelerating India’s Transition to Renewable Energy

India’s heavy reliance on solar energy fossil fuels is a significant contributor to its carbon footprint. It is recorded India installed 9.7 GW of large-scale solar capacity during Q1 2024, including 1.8 GW from open access solar projects – representing a 524% QoQ increase and nearly 534% YoY rise. Such national efforts in this regard should prioritize the rapid deployment of renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydropower, such transitions may be supported through policy initiatives, financial incentives, or technological breakthroughs.

Encouraging rooftop solar panel adoption in urban areas can significantly lower the demand for grid electricity generated from nonrenewable sources and help meet rising energy demands while decreasing carbon emissions. It is recorded solar energy accounts for 18.6% of India’s installed power capacity and 43% of renewable energy capacity.

Enhancing Energy Efficiency across Sectors

Improving energy efficiency is a low-hanging fruit that can lead to immediate and significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Prioritizing energy efficiency measures across industrial, commercial, and residential sectors must be given top priority as an area for improvement.

Implementing energy-efficient technologies, optimizing processes, and adopting best practices are proven strategies for cutting down energy consumption and associated emissions in industrial settings. Commercial and residential areas may experience similar savings through adopting energy-saving appliances, retrofitting buildings for better insulation, or adopting intelligent energy management systems, all contributing significantly towards cost reductions and savings in energy usage.

Building an EV Ecosystem

India’s transportation sector is one of its primary sources of carbon emissions. Transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) could play an instrumental role in mitigating emissions while simultaneously alleviating urban air pollution issues and dependence on imported fossil fuels.

Prioritizing the establishment of an effective EV ecosystem should be a top priority, including investing in charging infrastructure, incentivizing production and adoption, and supporting research and development of advanced battery technologies. Furthermore, according to the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) India Energy Outlook 2021, India’s energy demand is projected to increase by nearly 50% by 2040 due to urbanization, industrialization, and rising living standards.

Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry Practices

India’s agricultural and forestry industries contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions through deforestation, livestock management practices, agricultural practices, and deforestation. Prioritizing more environmentally-friendly practices on net zero, sustainability can not only reduce emissions but also enhance food security and biodiversity conservation.

Encouraging Agroforestry, Precision Agriculture, and Organic Farming techniques can reduce emissions while simultaneously improving soil health by decreasing synthetic fertilizer use and pesticide emissions. 

Reduce emissions from oil and gas upstream and downstream operations

There is much debate as to the best approach for combating fraudsters who may use counterfeit bills or fake IDs. For this reason, many criminals resort to using stolen identities in order to commit acts of crime such as fraudulence. As domestic fuel demand has steadily increased, the government has steadily upgraded its hydrocarbon policies in response to increased exploration, production, and distribution, including encouraging carbon-friendly technologies in these areas. 

Indian upstream operators could proactively invest in on-site renewable-power generation and increase the adoption of technologies that reduce flaring and emissions, such as CCUS, for a cleaner future over the coming decades.

Investment in Research and Development (R&D)

Reaching net zero carbon emissions will require significant technological advances across many fields. Prioritizing investments in R&D will enable cutting-edge innovations to address climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, driving innovation forward while creating cutting-edge solutions.

Encouraging public-private partnerships, establishing dedicated research centers, and offering financial incentives for innovative projects can facilitate the creation of technologies such as carbon capture and storage systems, advanced materials for energy storage purposes, sustainable manufacturing processes, and more. 

Fostering Public Awareness and Engagement

Achieving net-zero carbon dioxide emissions requires more than technological or governmental solutions alone; it calls for widespread public engagement as well. Prioritizing educational campaigns, community outreach programs, and grassroots initiatives can empower individuals and communities alike to make informed choices and adopt sustainable lifestyles.

To foster a sense of collective responsibility and facilitate behavioral changes necessary for reaching net-zero emissions, encourage energy conservation practices, support recycling efforts and waste reduction strategies, and increase awareness about climate change impacts.

Strengthening International Collaboration

Climate change is a global challenge that transcends national borders. Prioritizing international collaboration and knowledge sharing to speed progress toward net-zero emissions is vital. India should participate actively in global forums, contribute to international research initiatives, collaborate on best practice development with other nations, and collaborate on developing. 

Engaging in joint ventures, technology transfers, and capacity-building initiatives can help bridge the gap between developed and developing nations and ensure an equitable transition towards a sustainable future.

Top Priorities of India's net-zero target

Bottom Line 

India’s road ahead toward meeting its net-zero commitment is multifaceted and will require concerted efforts across multiple sectors. India faces an undoubtedly difficult path, yet with unwavering dedication, strategic planning and collective action it can create an enabling environment that blends economic development with environmental preservation. Now is the time to seize opportunities that present themselves so India can lead as an example of sustainable development while leaving a lasting legacy for humanity and Earth itself.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is India’s net-zero target?
    India has pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070, aligning with global climate goals to limit temperature rise under 2°C.

  2. How will renewable energy help India reach net-zero?
    Expanding solar, wind, and hydropower will reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lowering emissions while ensuring sustainable energy production.

  3. What role do electric vehicles (EVs) play in net-zero efforts?
    Transitioning to EVs reduces carbon emissions from transportation, improves air quality, and decreases dependence on imported fossil fuels.

  4. How can sustainable agriculture contribute to net-zero?
    Practices like agroforestry, precision farming, and organic cultivation reduce emissions, enhance soil health, and promote biodiversity conservation.

  5. Why is international collaboration important for India’s net-zero goal?
    Global partnerships enable technology transfer, joint research, and financial support, accelerating India’s transition to a low-carbon economy.

Primary Challenges India Faces in Net Zero Emissions

India has set itself an ambitious goal of reaching net zero emissions by 2050, which aligns with global efforts against climate change. While this goal is commendable, India faces significant obstacles when trying to meet it; transitioning towards a carbon-neutral economy presents unique obstacles that need to be carefully managed. And there are a number of daunting hurdles on its journey towards net zero emissions. Its commitment and potential to lead global transformation to a sustainable future cannot be understated. Check out the blog to learn about the difficulties India is having attaining Net Zero

Challenges in India’s Journey to Net-Zero Emissions

Net Zero

Energy Demand and Fossil Fuel Dependence

India’s rapid population and economic development has resulted in an unprecedented surge in energy demand. At present, over 70% of India’s electricity generation relies on coal. India’s energy sector is currently facing a considerable challenge as it attempts to transition away from coal – an easily available and relatively affordable fossil fuel source. Such transition requires substantial investments in renewable infrastructure, grid modernization, and innovative solutions in order to meet its rapidly increasing energy demands. India ranks second globally in coal consumption with annual consumption estimated at roughly one billion tons; due to this high reliance on coal consumption and emissions, it ranks third behind China and the US as an emitter of greenhouse gases.

The government has unveiled plans to gradually phase down coal-fired power plants and retire old and ineffective ones. To do this, the Ministry of Power has set an aim of reducing their carbon footprint by around 17% by 2024 through installing advanced emission control technologies and improving plant efficiency.

Moreover, India has introduced programs like the Green Energy Corridor project (aimed at strengthening transmission infrastructure for renewable integration), and National Smart Grid Mission (focused on modernizing power grid efficiency and reliability). To meet these needs.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), India’s energy demand could grow nearly 50% by 2040 with most of that increase coming from industrial and residential sectors. 

Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Access

Ensuring widespread access to clean energy while achieving net-zero emissions involves balancing energy poverty, sustainable development, and effective climate change measures. Opacity hinders economic growth, education, and well-being, especially in rural regions. Energy poverty must be addressed to improve poor populations’ living conditions and gain support for climate action.

Failure to address energy poverty and ensure affordable access to clean energy sources could lead to backlash against climate policies that hinder economic growth or raise energy costs for vulnerable groups, undermining efforts to transition to a low-carbon economy and reach net zero emissions.

Transformation of the Energy Sector

Renewable energy sources are integral to mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 28% of worldwide electricity generation (Source: IEA). Integrating more renewables requires developing large-scale energy storage technologies and modernizing electricity grids. 

In 2023, the United States made significant investments to modernize their power grid (Source: Department of Energy). Policy reforms, financial incentives and public-private partnerships must also be established to hasten adoption of renewable energy technologies to reach an economically sustainable, low carbon energy future.

Implement Carbon Capture Technologies

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies capture carbon emissions from sources like power plants and factories before storing it underground or using it industrially, offering enormous potential for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors like cement and steel production. Substantial investments in research, development and pilot projects are critical for improving efficiency while cutting costs; supportive policies such as carbon pricing may encourage industries to adopt CCS solutions voluntarily. Although not a silver bullet solution to climate change mitigation across various industrial sectors, CCS must form part of an overall comprehensive strategy in order to reach net zero emissions while mitigating climate change impact across various industrial sectors.

Focusing on social and political realities

Achieving net zero carbon requires considering all aspects of global socio-political realities that shape the global economy, such as issues related to environmental justice, poverty, equity, fairness, and cooperation among nations. Meeting these challenges requires practical consideration, extensive engagement, and viable solutions.

Research and Development

India lacks the technology and infrastructure needed for such a massive transition to clean energy and sustainability. New technologies like green hydrogen production and deployment, carbon capture storage systems, and advanced battery storage systems will play a crucial role but require significant research and development expertise.

To solve this difficulty, India has created specialized research institutes, partnered with academic institutions, and commercial sector partners to stimulate sustainable energy technology innovation. India’s Department of Science and Technology has also financed several battery storage, carbon capture, and other sustainable energy initiatives. India’s Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (REEEP) emphasizes R&D to promote sustainable technology uptake and accomplish aggressive renewable energy objectives.

Financial Resources and Investing

Transitioning to a net zero economy requires substantial financial resources. India will require extensive funds to fund renewable energy projects, energy efficiency initiatives, and the deployment of new technologies. Attracting domestic and international investments and tapping climate finance mechanisms is paramount, yet India must ensure an equitable and fair transition process.

Policy and Regulatory Frameworks of Interest 

Reaching net zero emissions requires a comprehensive policy and regulatory framework that incentivizes sustainable practices while aiding in greenhouse gas emissions reduction. India should create and implement robust policies that support renewable energy adoption, energy efficiency improvements, and sustainable transportation while addressing issues like land acquisition, grid integration, and fossil fuel subsidies as necessary. Establishing effective governance structures across sectors and jurisdictions will be paramount.

Public Awareness and Behavior Change

Reaching net zero emissions requires not only technological or policy solutions; it also requires widespread public awareness and behavioral change. Promoting sustainable lifestyles, encouraging energy conservation, and incentivizing sustainable practices are integral parts of India’s climate action strategy; engaging communities, raising awareness, and creating incentives will all play a part in ensuring public support for this transition to a low-carbon economy.

Overcoming these obstacles in achieving India’s contribution towards net zero carbon emissions requires an integrated, collaborative effort among government, private sector, civil society and international partners. India should take advantage of its strengths.

In the Nutshell

Investment in research and development, green technologies, cross-sector partnerships, and knowledge sharing will all play a part in India’s transition towards a net zero emissions future. Furthermore, international cooperation and knowledge sharing can play a pivotal role in providing access to necessary resources, technologies, and best practices that can help overcome any potential hurdles on this path.

If you are looking for expert guidance and innovative solutions for your sustainable energy projects, reach out to Hartek Group today to explore how we can help you achieve your green energy goals.

By confronting challenges head-on and adopting an inclusive and comprehensive approach, India can ensure its citizens enjoy prosperous yet eco-sustainable lives, and the planet at large will benefit as a result.

FAQ’s:-

1. What is net zero emissions, and why is it important for India?
Net zero emissions mean balancing emitted greenhouse gases with removal. For India, it’s key to sustainability and combating climate change.

2. What challenges does India face in achieving net zero emissions?
India faces hurdles like high coal dependency, energy demand, financial constraints, and the need for advanced clean energy technologies.

3. How can India transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy?
India must invest in renewables, grid modernization, energy storage, and policy reforms to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

4. What role does carbon capture technology play in India’s net zero goal?
Carbon capture helps reduce industrial emissions, making hard-to-decarbonize sectors like steel and cement more sustainable.

5. How can public awareness contribute to achieving net zero emissions?
Educating people on energy conservation, sustainable practices, and policy support can drive a low-carbon transition in India.